Goiter
A goiter (from the Greek words “brónchos” = throat and “kíli” = swelling) is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland, regardless of the cause or whether it is associated with thyroid dysfunction (hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism).
A goiter can be diffuse – uniform enlargement of the gland, nodular (presence of one or more nodules), toxic (associated with overproduction of thyroid hormones) or non-toxic (without hyperthyroidism).
A substernal goiter occurs when the enlarged thyroid extends downward into the mediastinum (the central part of the chest containing vital organs such as the heart and major blood vessels).
This condition carries the risk of compressive symptoms and requires surgical evaluation by an experienced endocrine surgeon.
Conservative treatment of goiter includes the administration of thyroid hormone (levothyroxine) in cases of hypothyroidism, or antithyroid medications in cases of hyperthyroidism. Additionally, therapeutic radioactive iodine is an option for toxic goiters. According to the guidance of the treating endocrinologist, patients should be monitored regularly with blood tests, ultrasounds, and, if necessary, fine-needle aspirations.
When surgical treatment is indicated, the goal of medicine is to provide a definitive solution. Thyroidectomy is a safe procedure that should ideally be performed by a specialized, experienced endocrine surgeon, addressing both anatomical and functional issues of the thyroid gland.
Dr. Evangelos Karvounis, MD, PhD, FACS, is an award-winning endocrine surgeon, Doctor of the Medical School of the University of Athens and Fellow of the American College of Surgeons. With many years of experience, advanced training at international centers, and an extensive research and publication record, he can answer all your questions about thyroid nodules, including when they may be malignant and how they are treated.
As Director of Endocrine Surgery at Euroclinic Athens, he applies cutting-edge microsurgical techniques, making him a top choice for safe and effective thyroid and parathyroid procedures. Trust his patient-centered, personalized approach and schedule your appointment today for safe treatment and rapid recovery.